Which of the following is a characteristic of addiction compared to dependency?

The characteristic of addiction that distinguishes it from dependency is that it leads to physical withdrawal symptoms. Addiction encompasses a complex interplay of psychological and physiological factors, and one of the hallmarks of addiction is that when an individual attempts to stop using the substance, they may experience a range of withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the substance involved and can include physical reactions such as nausea, tremors, sweating, and severe cravings.

Dependency, while it can also involve a reliance on substances, doesn't necessarily include the intense psychological and emotional aspects that accompany addiction. In essence, addiction is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior and use, often despite harmful consequences, and is associated with a loss of control over consumption. In contrast, dependency may refer to the body's physiological adaptations to a substance, which can lead to withdrawal symptoms but does not encompass the broader behavioral patterns observed in addiction.

The other options do not accurately capture the distinct aspects of addiction compared to dependency. While addiction can involve the need for medical intervention and may be related to substances, these factors are not exclusive to addiction and can also be seen in various levels of dependency.