Who was the first to extract morphine from opium?

Friedrich Serturner is recognized for being the first person to successfully isolate morphine from opium in the early 19th century, specifically in 1804. His work was groundbreaking as it laid the foundation for the use of morphine in medical applications, providing the first pure, active form of the compound derived from opium. This significant achievement not only advanced the field of pharmacology but also influenced the development of various opiate medications that followed.

The other individuals listed in the options contributed to medicine and science but are not credited with the extraction of morphine. For instance, Edward Jenner is well-known for his work in developing the smallpox vaccine, which was a major advancement in immunology. Dr. Charles Wood's work and Dr. Eduard Livenstein's contributions tend to focus on other areas in medicine and do not relate directly to the discovery and extraction of morphine. Thus, the historical significance of Serturner’s achievement in isolating morphine stands out, making him the correct answer in this context.